Chapter 1 Figure 1: Very Bad Predictions. Source: http://infographic.city/timeline-bad-future-predictions/

Chapter 2 Figure 2: We now expect free instant access to any information. Source: http://officialshoebox.tumblr.com/post/165805010726/hbd-google-thanks-for-giving-us-access-to-all-of

Chapter 2 Figure 3: 2018 Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies. Source: https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2018-08-20-gartner-identifies-five-emerging-technology-trends-that-will-blur-the-lines-between-human-and-machine

Chapter 2 Figure 4: The Adoption Curve. Source: http://weblog.tetradian.com/2016/08/09/tech-adoption-tech-evolution-lifecycle-mgmt/

Chapter 2 Figure 5: Years to widespread adoption. Source: @mikequindazzi

Chapter 2 Figure 6: The S-Curve. Source: http://robotwatch.co/s-curves-comparative-advantage

Chapter 2 Figure 7: The S Curve. Source: Andreessen Horotwitz

Chapter 2 Figure 8: Blackberry Sales. Source: Andreessen Horotwitz

Chapter 3 Figure 9: International Soccer game on Commodore 64, 1983

Chapter 3 Figure 10: FIFA 2017 Soccer game by EA, 2017

Chapter 3 Figure 11: The Evolution of Tomb Raider Graphics 1996 to 2014 thanks to improved processing speeds. Source: https://www.halloweencostumes.com/blog/p-468-tomb-raider-infographic.aspx

Chapter 3 Figure 12: Fixed Line Connectivity Speed Improvements. Source: http://www.woltercomputers.com/blog/2014/06/10/bandwidth-comparison-chart

Chapter 3 Figure 13: Internet Seconds in 2018. Source: https://www.allaccess.com/merge/archive/28030/2018-update-what-happens-in-an-internet-minute#sthash.IKyiTou1.uxfs

Chapter 3 Figure 14: Declining Price of Personal Computers. Source: Bloomberg via https://twitter.com/ValaAfshar

Chapter 3 Figure 15: Data Connections between Chicago and New York. Source: https://www.zerohedge.com/news/chicago-new-york-and-back-85-milliseconds

Chapter 3 Figure 16: An Apple A11 CPU in an iPhone (contains 4.3 billion transistors). Source: Best Mobile Destination

Chapter 3 Figure 17: GPU Performance. Source: Nvidia

Chapter 3 Figure 18: An Nvidia GPU for a desktop PC - with 12 billion transistors. Source: Nvidia

Chapter 3 Figure 19: A Microsoft Executive holding an FPGA board. Source: Microsoft

Chapter 3 Figure 20: A Google TPU. Source: Google

Chapter 3 Figure 21: A Google Edge TPU. Source Google

Chapter 3 Figure 22: The Summit Supercomputer. Source: Carlos Jones, Oak Ridge National Laboratory/U.S. Dept. of Energy

Chapter 3 Figure 23: A Google Bristlecone Quantum chip. Source: Google

Chapter 3 Figure 24: 1956 IBM Model 350 hard disk with 4Mb storage capacity. Source: http://historydaily.org/the-worlds-first-computer-with-data-storage

Chapter 3 Figure 25: A 1.44Mb floppy disk and a Micro SD card which can be upto 512Gb.

Chapter 3 Figure 26: Average web page size (in KB). Source https://speedcurve.com/blog/web-performance-page-bloat/

Chapter 3 Figure 27: Wi-Fi Speeds. Source https://10techy.com/802-11ac-or-802-11n/

Chapter 3 Figure 28: Cellular Connectivity Speeds. Source: http://nimbuzz.com/us/article/technology/5g-yay-or-nay-227

Chapter 3 Figure 29: Genome Sequencing Costs over time. Source genome.gov/sequencingcostsdata

Chapter 3 Figure 31: Uber speeds up a decades-old process. Source: https://www.slideshare.net/schlaf/on-demand-everything

Chapter 3 Figure 32: Pace Layers. Source: https://www.pinterest.ie/pin/266838346645832089/

Chapter 4 Figure 33: Publication of AI Papers. Source: https://aiindex.org/2017-report.pdf

Chapter 4 Figure 34: Publication of AI Papers. Source: https://aiindex.org/2017-report.pdf

Chapter 4 Figure 35: The emergence of AI, ML and DL. Source: https://medium.com/mmc-writes/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-a-primer-on-artificial-intelligence-ai-ff5e7fffcae1

Chapter 4 Figure 36: Typical Machine Learning Flow

Chapter 4 Figure 37: Layers in a (simplified) Neural Network Source: https://medium.com/mmc-writes/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-a-primer-on-artificial-intelligence-ai-ff5e7fffcae1

Chapter 4 Figure 38: Training and Inference. Source: Nvidia

Chapter 4 Figure 39 GPUs driving speed improvements in Training Speeds. Source: Nvidia

Chapter 4 Figure 40: A model that took 6 days in 2010 can run in 18 minutes now. Source: https://www.slideshare.net/nb410/the-state-of-artificial-intelligence-in-2018-a-good-old-fashioned-report-103568798

Chapter 4 Figure 41: Global Internet Data Traffic - note logarithmic scale. Source: https://medium.com/mmc-writes/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-a-primer-on-artificial-intelligence-ai-ff5e7fffcae1

Chapter 4 Figure 42: Data Creation Rate in Zettabytes. Source: https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trends-report-2018

Chapter 4 Figure 43: Popular AI Frameworks available for free download. Source: https://www.slideshare.net/jiangjun1990/gdgshanghai-2017-tensorflow-summit-recap

Chapter 4 Figure 44: Deep Learning’s impact on Image Recognition Tests. Source: https://medium.com/mmc-writes/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-a-primer-on-artificial-intelligence-ai-ff5e7fffcae1

Chapter 4 Figure 45: Deep Learning’s impact on Speech Recognition Tests. Source: https://medium.com/mmc-writes/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-a-primer-on-artificial-intelligence-ai-ff5e7fffcae1

Chapter 4 Figure 46: ML Use in Google. Source: Google Cloud

Chapter 4 Figure 47: AlphaGo in action. Source: DeepMind

Chapter 4 Figure 48: FB Learner. Source: https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-facebook-scales-ai/

Chapter 4 Figure 49: Three prior movie choices influence the personalised tile displayed for Good Fill Hunting. Source: Netflix

Chapter 4 Figure 50: Machine Learning Applications. Source: HBR/Andrew Ng https://hbr.org/2016/11/what-artificial-intelligence-can-and-cant-do-right-now

Chapter 5 Figure 51: Steve Sasson of Kodak and the first digital camera. Source: http://www.internethistorypodcast.com/2016/07/inventor-of-the-first-digital-camera-steven-sasson/

Chapter 5 Figure 52: Kodak’s Digital Photo display unit.

Chapter 5 Figure 53: Very few camera sensors end up in ‘cameras’. Source Andreessen Horowitz

Chapter 5 Figure 54: The tumbling cost of camera sensors. Source: http://itac.ca/uploads/events/execforum2010/rob_lineback_10-6-10-2.ppt

Chapter 5 Figure 55: The Digital Takeover. Source: PMA

Chapter 5 Figure 56: Two Pizzas on a Stove. Source: Google

Chapter 5 Figure 57: ML-derived improvements in Object Detection. Source: AIIndex.org

Chapter 5 Figure 58: Google Cloud Vision API services. Source: Google

Chapter 5 Figure 59: Google Video Intelligence service recognises a Tiger in a view. Source: Google - https://cloud.google.com/video-intelligence/

Chapter 5 Figure 60: Google Lens (L) and Pinterest Visual Search (R). Source: Google/Pinterest

Chapter 5 Figure 61: A future bathroom mirror watching us. Source: The Next Web

Chapter 5 Figure 62: Google’s Sentiment Analysis API. Source: Google

Chapter 5 Figure 63: The Terminator - a science fiction movie presentation of Scanning and Object Recognition from 1991 now possible

Chapter 5 Figure 64: Microsoft’s Seeing AI App. Source: Microsoft

Chapter 5 Figure 65: Google’s Lookout App. Source: Google

Chapter 5 Figure 66: Computer Vision Lip Reading. Source https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.05358.pdf

Chapter 5 Figure 67: Google’s Object Removal Technology (Unreleased). Source: Google IO 2017

Chapter 5 Figure 68: ML removes raindrops from image. Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.10098

Chapter 5 Figure 69: Raindrop removal improves object detection scores. Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.10098

Chapter 5 Figure 70: Snow AR App Beauty Effects. Source: Snow AR

Chapter 5 Figure 71: Google Clips Smart Camera powered by AI

Chapter 5 Figure 72: The Growing CCTV market. Source IHS

Chapter 5 Figure 73: Police Officer in China wearing AI-powered smart glasses. Source: AFP/Getty Images.

Chapter 5 Figure 74: Amazon’s Rekognition Product Overview. Source: Amazon

Chapter 5 Figure 75: Amazon’s Rekognition can pick out multiple faces in a crowd photo. Source: Amazon

Chapter 5 Figure 76: Growth in the Dashcam market. Source: TMR Analysis

Chapter 5 Figure 77: A Panasonic sensor can see through Soy Sauce. Source: Panasonic

Chapter 5 Figure 78: A Sony Camera view vs what’s visible by ambient light. Source: Sony

Chapter 6 Figure 79: The 6 stages of voice computing

Chapter 6 Figure 80: Word Recognition over the years. Source: https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trends-report-2018

Chapter 6 Figure 81: Speech Recognition Word Error Rate improvements. Source: Google

Chapter 6 Figure 82: Visual Weather Forecast. Source: Google

Chapter 6 Figure 83: Voice Assistants are being adopted rapidly. Source: The Economist

Chapter 6 Figure 84: L-R: Google Home, Apple HomePod and Amazon Echo voice-enabled speakers.

Chapter 6 Figure 85: Location of Smart Speakers in the Home. Source: https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/consumer-insights/voice-assistance-consumer-experience/

Chapter 6 Figure 86: Frequency of Smart Speaker usage. Source: https://voicebot.ai/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/smart_speaker_consumer_adoption_report_2018.pdf

Chapter 6 Figure 87: Google Duplex. Source: Google

Chapter 6 Figure 88: iOS (L) and Android (R) features to reduce usage. Source: Apple/Google

Chapter 6 Figure 89: Usage of Smart Speakers. Source: Reuters

Chapter 7 Figure 90: US Store Closures 2000-2017. Source: FT

Chapter 7 Figure 91: Online as % of retail sales. Source: FT

Chapter 7 Figure 92: Shopify adds AI features. Source: Shopify

Chapter 7 Figure 93: More stores move online. Source: https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trends-report-2018

Chapter 7 Figure 94: Social Shopping on Instagram (L) and Pinterest (R). Source: Instagram/Pinterest

Chapter 7 Figure 95: Social Media and Shopping. Source: https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trends-report-2018

Chapter 7: Figure 96: Physical Dash Button (L) and Virtual Dash Button on mobile (R). Source: Amazon

Chapter 7 Figure 97: Example of a printer with automated replenishment built-in via DRS. Source: Amazon

Chapter 7 Figure 98: Amazon Dash Wand (L) and Subscription Service (R). Source: Amazon

Chapter 7 Figure 99: Voice Shopping. Source: https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trends-report-2018

Chapter 7 Figure 100: User attitudes to voice shopping. Source: Google

Chapter 7 Figure 101: Scan with your phone to checkout with Grab+Go from Barclaycard. Source; Barclaycard

Chapter 7 Figure 102: Amazon Go Checkout-less store. Source: Amazon

Chapter 7 Figure 103: A Stitch Fix user profile. Source; Stitch Fix

Chapter 7 Figure 104: Amazon Prime Wardrobe user experience. Source: Amazon

Chapter 7 Figure 105: Credit Card imprint machine (L) and Swipe/Chip/Contactless terminal (R)

Chapter 7 Figure 106: Dine and Dash table top terminal. Source: Barclaycard

Chapter 7 Figure 7: The Growth of Subscriptions. Source: https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trends-report-2018

Chapter 7 Figure 108: Containers speed up logistics. Source: CSCL

Chapter 7 Figure 109: Ocado Warehouse Robots. Source: Ocado

Chapter 7 Figure 110: Inventory Scanning Drone.

Chapter 7 Figure 111: A BossaNova stock-taking robot. Source: BossaNova

Chapter 7 Figure 112: The Growth of Parcel Volumes. Source: https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trends-report-2018

Chapter 7 Figure 113: What Consumers consider “Fast” Shipping. Source: Deloitte via Business Insider

Chapter 7 Figure 114: Speed vs Price of Delivery. Source: McKinsey

Chapter 7 Figure 115: Last Mile Delivery. Source: McKinsey

Chapter 7 Figure 116: Amazon Prime Air and Amazon Flex. Source: Amazon.

Chapter 7 Figure 117: Circular nature of commerce and logistics. Source: Accenture

Chapter 7 Figure 118: Willingness to pay for faster delivery.

Chapter 7 Figure 119: Amazon Lockers (top), Amazon Key Home Delivery (L) and Amazon Key Car Delivery (R). Source: Amazon

Chapter 7 Figure 120: Amazon Pickup (L) and Walmart Pickup (R). Source: Amazon/Walmart

Chapter 7 Figure 121: Starship Robots sidewalk delivery (L) and Nuro Autonomous delivery vehicle (R)

Chapter 7 Figure 122: Wing (Top-L), Amazon Prime Air (Top-R) and Zipline (Bottom) delivery drones.

Chapter 8 Figure 123: Tell Google Sheets what chart to draw without knowing any commands. Source: Google

Chapter 8 Figure 124: X.ai and Voicera

Chapter 8 Figure 125: The Washington Post’s Heliograf can write stories based on data inputs. Source: The Washington Post.

Chapter 8 Figure 126: Intelligent Surveillance Cameras (L) may bring the Panopticon concept to fruition.

Chapter 8 Figure 127: Google’s Cancer Detection with Deep Learning. Source: Google

Chapter 8 Figure 128: Deep Learning outperforms baseline methods in hospital records. Source: Google.

Chapter 8 Figure 129: ML-powered app checks a Cassava Leaf for Disease. Source: Nuru PlantVillage.

Chapter 8 Figure 130: ML-powered robot by Root.ai can identify and pick ripe fruit. Source: Root.ai

Chapter 8 Figure 131: Robots in Amazon Fulfilment Centres.

Chapter 8 Figure 132: Industrial Robots in operation. Source: State of AI 2018 Report

Chapter 8 Figure 133: Industrial Robots by Country. Source: State of AI 2018 Report

Chapter 8 Figure 134: McKinsey Automation Risk Interactive Tool. Source: http://www.visualcapitalist.com/charting-automation-potential-of-u-s-jobs/

Chapter 8 Figure 135 Flippy the Burger Robot and Zume the Pizza Robot

Chapter 9 Figure 137: Public Awareness of AI use. Source: the RSA

Chapter 9 Figure 138: DeepMind Ethics & Society and Partnership on AI

Chapter 9 Figure 139: DARPA Initiatives on Explainable AI. Source: DARPA

Chapter 9 Figure 141: R&D Spending by US Companies in 2017

Chapter 9 Figure 142: AI acquisitions by the tech giants. Source: CB Insights

Chapter 9 Figure 143: The Intelligent Classroom. Source: Business Insider

Chapter 9 Figure 144: Facebook’s DensePose

Chapter 9 Figure 145: Drone detection of violent behaviour in crowds. Source: Univ of Cambridge

Chapter 9 Figure 146: Microsoft’s Cognitive Services APIs. Source: Microsoft

Chapter 10 Figure 147: Do you want your regular? Source: Google

Chapter 10 Figure 148: The Experts are Divided. Source: Futurism.com